Integumentary Diseases and Disorders (video post)

Integumentary Diseases

Abrasion-mechanically scraping away a portion of the skin's layer.
Acne-oversecretion of sebum
Atlehete's Foot-occurs in areas of contionous moisture.
Bed Sore-lack of blood flow to skin that has pressure applied.
Boil-acute inflammantory
Cold Sore-fever blister, herpes simplex virus.
Dermititis-inflammatory process caused by irritants
Eczema-duperficial form of dermititis.
Hives-allergic reaction produces reddened patches.
Psoriaris-circular borders.
Scabies-caused by egg-laying mites.
Shingles-inflammatory condition onvolves nervous system.

Integumentary System

Integumentary System has a lot of function such as:

1. ptotects from invasion of disease

2.keep the body from drying out

3.acts as a storage for fatty tissue

4.produces vit. D

5.provides sensory input

6.regulates bdy temperature

Muscular Dieases

Myalgia-pain in muscles
Fibromyalgia-afects women under 40
ataxia-irregular action
Paralysis-partial loss of the ability to move
Spasm-prologned contraction of the muscle
sprain-breaks ligament
strain-breaks tendon
Shin Splints-inflammantory condition of lower leg
Hernia-tear in the muscle wall
Tendinitis-tendons are inflammed

Muscular System

Muscles-is the general term for all contractile tissue.

It has three types

Skeletal muscle-voluntary, muscle fiber is striped w/c is called striated
Smooth muscle-involuntary, doesn't have striped apperance
Cardiac muscle- stirated apperance, involuntary and found in the heart

Skeletal System Diseases

Skeletal System also worns out and does result in many diseases such as:

osteoporosis-which is the condition in decreasing bone density
arthritis-it is the inflammatory process of the joints
calcification- a condition in which the cartilage hardens
scoliosis-sideways bend
lordosis-swayback
kyphosis-humpback

Tissue

Tissue

• is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism
• a tissue is an ensemble of cells

kinds of tissue

• Ephitelium - Tissues composed of layers of cells that cover organ surfaces such as surface of the skin and inner lining of digestive tract: the tissues that serve for protection, secretion, and absorption.
• Connective tissue - As the name suggests, connective tissue holds everything together. Connective tissue is characterized by the separation of the cells by non-living material, which is called extracellular matrix. Bone and blood are connective tissues.
• Muscle tissue - Muscle cells are the contractile tissue of the body. Its function is to produce force and cause motion, either locomotion or movement within internal organs. Muscle tissue is separated into three distinct categories: visceral or smooth muscle, which is found in the inner linings of organs; skeletal muscle, which is found attached to bone in order for mobility to take place; and cardiac muscle which is found in the heart.
• Nervous tissue - Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.

Skeletal System

Skeletal Sytem

• it serves as framework for the body
• the skeleton provides mechanical protection for many of the body's internal organs
• bone tissues store several minerals
• the red bone marrow inside some larger bones blood cells are produced

Kinds of bones

• Long bones- have greater length than width and consist of a shaft and a variable number of endings
  
• Short bones- are roughly cube-shaped and have approximately equal length and width
• Flat bones- have a thin shape/structure and provide considerable mechanical protection and extensive surfaces for muscle attachments
• Irregular bones- their shapes are due to the functions they fulfill within the body e.g. providing major mechanical support for the body yet also protecting the spinal cord

Kinds of bone tissue

• Compact- tissue forms the outer shell of bones. It consists of a very hard (virtually solid) mass of bony tissue arranged in concentric layers (Haversian systems)
• Spongy- tissue is located beneath the compact bone and consists of a meshwork of bony bars (trabeculae) with many interconnecting spaces containing bone marrow.

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Cells

The cell is the functional basic unit of life.

Parts :

Cell membrane controls entry into and out of cell

Cell wall shapes and supports a plant cell

The cytoskeleton acts to organize and maintain the cell's shape

Mitochondria "powerhouse" of cell

Nuclear membrane holds nucleus together

Nucleolus spherical body within nucleus

Nucleus chromosomes are found here

Ribosomes where proteins are made

Fats

Lipids

• organic molecules insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol
• contain C,H,O
• there are two groups simple and complex

Complex Lipids - contains fatty acids and are saponifiable

kinds of complex are :

• waxes - water insoluble
• acylglycerol - neutral fats
• phosphoglycerides - components of cell membrane
• sphingolipids - brain and nerve tissue
  

kinds of simple are :

• terpenes
  
• steroids
  
• prostaglandins

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Proteins

The most abundant molecules in the cells. Most genetic information are expressed by proteins.

• Enzymes: catalysts that speed the rate of chemical reactions.
• Hormones: chemical messengers secreted by endocrine gland.
• Antibody: globular protein made by the body made in response to the presence of a foreign or harmful molecule called antigen.

• Nucleic Acid: complex polymeric molecules that store and transfer information within cells.

Two types:

RNA: plays a vital role in the process of protein manufacture

DNA: the genetic material determining the proteins to be manufactured

• Nucleotides: fundamental monomers that make up nucleic acid

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CARBOHYDRATES

Substances containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, especially the sugar and starches found in food. It is the main source of energy because it burns fast.

• Monossacharides: are most basic units of biologically important carbohydrates.
• Dissacharides: it is the carbohydrates formed when two monossacharide undergo a condensation reaction.
• Polyssacharides: polymeric carbohydrates structure, formed by requestly many units.

• Aldose: is a monossacharide containing one aldehyde group per molecule.
• Ketose: is a monossacharide containg one ketone group per molecule.

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The Human Body

The body can assume many different position, and to standardize the study of anatomy, scientist often reference the anatomical position. The body can be divided by the use of the planes into different sections. Directional terms, such as internal and external and other terms can help us to navigate the body. The body has several cavities that house anatomical structure. The body has many specific regions. The directional terms, anatomical landmarks, body regions, and body cavities are all important to know.

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